MAS GIARTO

THE ENGLISH TEACHER OF SMA NEGERI 1 BOYOLALI
GURU PEMANDU KAB. BOYOLALI

TUGAS SISWA

EXPLANATION



Compose an explanation text based on the above picture!

Explanation


Analys the generic structure and the grammatical features of the following text


Acid rain is rain that is highly acidic because of sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and other air pollutants dissolved in it. Normal rain is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6. Acid rain may have a pH value as low as 2.8.
Acid rain can severely damage both plant and animal life. Certain lakes, for example, have lost all fish and plant life because of acid rain.
Acid rain comes from sulphur in coal and oil. When they burn, they make sulphur dioxide (SO2 ). Most sulphur leaves factory chimneys as the gaseous sulphur dioxide (SO2 ) and most nitrogen is also emitted as one of the nitrogen oxides (NO or NO2 ), both of which are gases. The gases may be dry deposited–absorbed directly by the land, by lakes or by the surface vegetation. If they are in the atmosphere for any time, the gases will oxidise (gain an oxygen atom) and go into solution as acids. Sulphuric acid (H2 SO4 ) and the nitrogen oxides will become nitric acid (HNO3 ). The acids usually dissolve in cloud droplets and may travel great distances before being precipitated as acid rain. Catalysts such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone and ammonium help promote the formation of acids in clouds. More ammonium (NH4 ) can be formed when some of the acids are partially neutralised by airborne ammonia (NH3 ). Acidication increases with the number of active hydrogen (H+) ions dissolved in acid. Hydrocarbons emitted by for example, car exhausts will react in sunlight with nitrogen oxides to produce ozone. Although it is invaluable in the atmosphere, low level ozone causes respiratory problems and also hastens the formation of acid rain. When acid rain falls on the ground it dissolves and liberates heavy metals and aluminium (Al). When it is washed into lakes, aluminium irritates the outer surfaces of many fish. As acid rain falls or drains into the lake the pH of the lake falls. Forests suffer the effect of acid rain through damage to leaves, through the loss of vital nutrients, and through the increased amounts of toxic metals liberated by acid, which damage roots and soil micro organisms.
Taken from Science and Technology Encycopedia, 1998


Discussion

Answer the following questions based on the text!


 For years, abortion has been an extremely controversial subject. One important aspect of the controversy is whether a woman should be permitted by law to have an abortion and, if so, under what circumstances. Another is whether, and to what extent laws should protect the unborn. People who wish to legally limit or forbid abortions describe themselves as pro–life. Those who believe that a woman should have the right to have an abortion may refer to themselves as pro–choice.
Arguments against abortion are based on the belief that an abortion is the unjustified killing of an unborn child. Most people who oppose abortion believe that human life begins when a sperm fertilizes an egg. Another argument against abortion is that laws allowing it on demand will increase irresponsible pregnancies and lead to disrespect for human life. The Roman Catholic Church is a chief opponent of abortion. Conservative branches of other religions also oppose abortion.
Many people approve of abortion under certain circumstance. Some approve of abortion if a woman’s life or health is endangered by her pregnancy. Others recommend abortion when there is danger that the child will be born with a serious mental or physical defect. They also approve of abortion when pregnancy has resulted from rape or incest.
Many people who think that a woman should have the right to choose to have an abortion distinguish between human life and personhood. They argue that personhood  implies both the capacity for self-conscious thought and acceptance as a member of a social community. These people believe a fetus is not a person and is thus not entitled to rights normally given to a person. Such pro–choice supporters agree with the view that birth represents the beginning of personhood. Perform
Another pro–choice argument is that legalizing abortions has eliminated many illegal abortions performed by unskilled practitioners under unsanitary conditions. These abortions often cause deaths and permanent reproductive injuries. Abortion on demand also prevents many unwanted births and may thus be a factor in lowering infant and child abuse, neglect, and death rates. Also some argue that women should not have to bear unwanted children in a world with a growing population and diminishing natural resources.
As a result of this controversy, abortion laws vary from country to country. In Russia, where abortion has been legal since 1920, it is allowed up to about the fourth month of pregnancy, purely by request, and is commonly used as a method of birth control. In some countries, such as the Philippines, Indonesia, and Bangladesh, abortion is only allowed when pregnancy threatens the mother’s life. South Africa, New Zealand, and Hong Kong allow abortion when the fetus is severely damaged. In the Republic of Ireland, the operation may only be performed when either the mother’s or baby’s life is in danger.
Taken from The World Book Encyclopedia, 2007
1.      The text mainly discusses about ….
A.    reasons against abortion
B.     arguments supports abortion
C.     countries permitted abbortion
D.    two arguments supported abortion
E.     two opposite arguments on abortion

2.      Who is the pro-life?
A.    people agree to abortion
B.     woman who did an abortion
C.     people who refuse any form of abortion
D.    people who accept any form of abortion
E.     religious group who permit abortion practice

3.      What is the argument of the pro-life to support abortion?
A.    Life begins in the pregnancy.
B.     Fetus is not regarded as human.
C.     Fetus is supposed as human life.
D.    Abortion means unjustified killing.
E.     Abortion should be done by the professional.

4.      The abortion can be done in the following condition, except ….
A.    the unborn will suffer mental defect
B.     endangering the unborn growth
C.     endangering the mother’s life
D.    resulted from unmarried
E.     resulted from the incest

5.      Which of the following statement is not the argument of the people who against abortion?
A.    Preventing any unwanted births
B.     Abortion is the same to a murder.
C.     The law doesn’t permit the abortion.
D.    All religions oppose any form of abortion
E.     Abortion will increase irresponsible pregnancies.

6.      The following countries allow abortion when the pregnancy endanger the fetus and the mother, except ….
A.    New Zeland
B.     Bangladesh
C.     Hong kong
D.    Philippines
E.     Rusia

7.      They also approve of abortion when pregnancy has resulted from rape or incest. (par. 3) They refer to ….
A.    pro-life
B.     pro-choice
C.     arguments
D.    pregnancies
E.     Roman Conservatives

8.      …many illegal abortions performed by unskilled practitioners under unsanitary conditions.(par.5) The bold word can be best replaced by ….
A.    proceed
B.     protected
C.     carried out
D.    carried away
E.     brought into

9.       The text implies that ….
A.    abortion is permitted by all countries on the world
B.     all people on the world do not agree to abortion
C.     abortion can be a method of population control
D.    abortion can be performed for a health reason
E.     all people permit the abortion practice

10.  What is the communicative purpose of the text?
A.    To inform an abortion case.
B.     To describe abortion practice.
C.     To persuade the readers not to do abortion.
D.    To explain the readers the abortion phenomena.
E.     To present the readers two different views on abortion.

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